Disclaimer. My knowledge of philosophy and the sciences outside of psychology is a matter of intrinsic interest and is elementary at best. My understandings are still in process, and I’m using them to provide structure for this post. Thus, this is a super-simplistic synopsis of a topic I find interesting and my personal experiences through the lens of that topic. Any feedback regarding misrepresentations of the science in question is welcome.
For those unfamiliar with the concept of paradigm shifts, the name of this blog comes from Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, first published in 1962. A friend in college first introduced me to the philosopher when she gave me Kuhn’s book for Christmas. While she was correct that I would enjoy the reading, I didn’t get around to finishing the work until about a decade later. When I completed SSR, I was approximately half way through my graduate program and so used to reading research papers that, at the time, a book about the process of science and theory change seemed riveting in comparison.
Paradigm shifts refer to science's change in attachment to the theories that describe, explain, and predict occurences in our world. The shifts happen when enough contradictory or unexplainable evidence accumulates to challenge traditional theories, in Kuhn's words, normal science. The new findings lead to revolutionary science, described as research attempting to yield new evidence to inform and contribute to the development of new theory that accounts for new and old findings. (There is also a phase termed ‘prescience,’ which describes the state of a field that has no unifying theory to provide a framework for the studies contributing information to the field… such as the field of Psychology before Wundt and Titchener developed the theory of Structuralism.) Ultimately, Kuhn proposed that science, our theories and understandings of the world, is a continuous process. Sometimes the process is characterized by violent upheavals as we attempt to reconcile new information to frameworks that do not always account for them, often ending in new theories that best account for new and old information.